Amazon and Consumers
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Self-preferencing as a harm to consumers
- European Governments Crack Down On Self-Preferencing Behavior From Big Tech
 
- The Italian government fined Amazon $1.3 billion for breaking antitrust law by self- preferencing – incentivizing third-party merchants to use it proprietary fulfillment system.[1]
- In addition to the fine, Italian regulators ordered Amazon to offer third-party merchants the same sales and visibility opportunities as merchants using its fulfillment service.
 - The Washington Post observed that the penalty was “among the most severe levied against a tech giant.”
 
 - Two European Union investigations remain ongoing into Amazon’s efforts to push sellers to its proprietary fulfillment service and into its misuse of merchant data to boost its own products.[2]